Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the mixture of smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar, and smoke exhaled by the smoker. It is a complex mixture of over 4,000 compounds, more than 40 of which are known to cause cancer in humans or animals and many of which are strong irritants. ETS is often referred to as “second-hand smoke” and exposure to ETS is often called “passive smoking.”

Health Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke

In 1992, EPA completed a major assessment of the respiratory health risks of ETS (Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders EPA/600/6-90/006F). The report concludes that exposure to ETS is responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths each year in non-smoking adults and impairs the respiratory health of hundreds of thousands of children.

Infants and young children whose parents smoke in their presence are at increased risk of lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia and bronchitis) and are more likely to have symptoms of respiratory irritation like cough, excess phlegm, and wheeze. EPA estimates that passive smoking annually causes between 150,000 and 300,000 lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children under 18 months of age, resulting in between 7,500 and 15,000 hospitalizations each year. These children may also have a build-up of fluid in the middle ear, which can lead to ear infections. Older children who have been exposed to second-hand smoke may have slightly reduced lung function.

Asthmatic children are especially at risk. EPA estimates that exposure to second-hand smoke increases the number of episodes and severity of symptoms in hundreds of thousands of asthmatic children, and may cause thousands of non-asthmatic children to develop the disease each year. It was estimated between 200,000 and 1,000,000 asthmatic children have their condition made worse by exposure to second-hand smoke each year. Exposure to second-hand smoke causes eye, nose, and throat irritation. It may affect the cardiovascular system and some studies have linked exposure to second-hand smoke with the onset of chest pain.

 

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Reducing Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Don’t smoke at home or permit others to do so. Ask smokers to smoke outdoors.

The 1986 Surgeon General’s report concluded that physical separation of smokers and non-smokers in a common air space, such as different rooms within the same house, may reduce – but will not eliminate – non-smokers’ exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.

If smoking indoors cannot be avoided, increase ventilation in the area where smoking takes place.

Open windows or use exhaust fans. Ventilation, a common method of reducing exposure to indoor air pollutants, also will reduce but not eliminate exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Because smoking produces such large amounts of pollutants, natural or mechanical ventilation techniques do not remove them from the air in your home as quickly as they build up. In addition, the large increases in ventilation it takes to significantly reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke can also increase energy costs substantially. Consequently, the most effective way to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the home is to eliminate smoking there.

Do not smoke if children are present, particularly infants and toddlers.

 Children are particularly susceptible to the effects of passive smoking. Do not allow baby-sitters or others who work in your home to smoke indoors. Discourage others from smoking around children. Find out about the smoking policies of the day care centre providers, schools, and other caregivers for your children. The policy should protect children from exposure to ETS.

 

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Importance of Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms

It is important that the AHU is operated as well as maintained with the right seriousness and as per laid down procedures. Here’s the detailed guidelines.

An Air Handling Unit (AHU) is an important component of the air conditioning system as it enables large spaces to be cooled simultaneously and also aids in maintaining the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Each building will have a number of AHUs and the quality of the air that goes into the workspace will depend a great deal on the health of the AHU and its associated components. Another key aspect is how effectively the AHU is maintained – more often than not, this is a low priority area for HVAC system operators that lead to poor IAQ issues inside the workspace.

The COVID 19 pandemic has put more focus on the AHU due to the concerns related to spread of the infection within the office space and hence it is even more important that the AHU is operated as well as maintained with the right seriousness and as per laid down procedures.

How Often Are HVAC Inspections Needed?

Ideally, your HVAC should be inspected before the start of each heating and cooling season, and in special situations, such as when you’re buying a home and having the property inspected. A thorough HVAC inspection, along with seasonal preventive maintenance that includes cleaning and tuning up the equipment, is important for your peace of mind about:

Energy efficiency. Regularly inspected, tuned-up equipment can run at maximum efficiency, so you won’t experience the energy waste and higher-than-necessary utility bills that often occur when maintenance is neglected.

Breakdowns and failures. Inspections give an HVAC technician a chance to identify developing issues while they’re still minor, so you can get problems fixed before they cause a breakdown that needs an extensive repair, or worse, a component failure that requires a premature replacement.

Equipment lifespan. Just like any other kind of mechanical equipment, your HVAC components will last longer if they’re inspected regularly and receive timely preventive maintenance and care.

Safe operation. Routine inspections not only help you avoid costly repairs and early equipment failures, they also ensure that your furnace or air conditioner stays operating safely. For instance, an inspection may reveal a cracked heat exchanger or vent system blockage that sends deadly carbon monoxide into your air supply, or a wiring short circuit that poses a risk of fire.

System condition and functionality. It’s usual to have a house-wide inspection completed when buying a home, but an HVAC-specific inspection is important too. A pre-purchase HVAC inspection provides invaluable information like the approximate age and efficiency level of a home’s comfort equipment, whether it’s been well maintained, if it needs any repairs, and its expected remaining lifespan.

To maintain a great Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), it is advisable to do frequent checking on HVAC system.

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The coronavirus disease has affected 140,531,290 and killed 3,012,206 across 219 countries and territories in the world, according to worldometers.info.

A recent study published said that COVID-19 causing SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was thought to spread through droplets, is primarily an airborne pathogen. This study brings us a step closer to understanding the virus, the way it spreads, and what can help prevent transmission.

Though the coronavirus is still thought to spread primarily through respiratory droplets passed from person to person, the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is recognizing that airborne transmission is also a threat since small particles can linger in the air for minutes to hours, be inhaled, and lead to an infection.

The CDC also acknowledges that these minuscule airborne particles can travel farther than 6 feet, particularly when people are talking, singing, or even breathing heavily in indoor environments with poor ventilation.

“Improving indoor ventilation and air quality, particularly in healthcare, work, and educational environments, will help all of us to stay safe, now and in the future.”

How to protect yourself from the airborne spread 

Handwashing, physical distancing, and donning a face mask are key safety measures to protect yourself from COVID-19.

Double face masks are critical in reducing the risk of spreading or being exposed to the virus via aerosols.

Since aerosolized droplets (containing viral particles) may remain in poorly ventilated rooms for minutes to several hours, the importance of wearing a mask while indoors should strongly be considered. Besides, it is highly recommended to do Indoor Air Quality Assessment (IAQ) to ensure the ventilation system within the area is functioning.

In only a few short weeks, the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has created an unprecedented impact on the way we live and work. As the virus emerged, our social life was impacted badly.

While many organizations are moving to remote work, some companies work with proprietary systems or with sensitive materials that require employees, or shifts of workers, to be on-premises to get their job done well. As champions of a great work experience, we want to help everyone stay healthy in the office while sharing common workspaces.

We believe workplace wellbeing extends not just to cleaning and disinfecting the office, but to good communication and signage strategies, and healthy office culture for COVID and beyond. We hope these tips for office safety will provide both knowledge and peace of mind as we navigate this critical public health issue.

•       Regular cleaning guidance from the management or HR
•       Air quality and ventilation systems
•       Social distancing in the office
•       Communication and signage

 

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PROPER CLEANING GUIDANCE BY MANAGEMENT

While the spread of the virus might feel unavoidable, the fact is that good cleaning and disinfection routines can greatly reduce or eliminate the risk of a viral count of COVID-19 on surfaces and objects in the office. As employers, it’s all of our duty to maintain a clean environment and make sure every person feels safe coming in every day. 

Few key points you should know before you begin:

• Use disposable gloves, gowns, a mask (like a cloth face covering) for cleaning and disinfection. Carefully remove and throw them away immediately after disinfection and trash disposal.
• Always clean before beginning disinfection. Cleaning with a detergent or soap and water solution removes particles that can carry risk of COVID-19 on surfaces. This reduces the viral load before disinfection begins, which helps the disinfectant to be more effective in killing the remaining virus.
• If using disinfecting wipes (such as Clorox or Lysol wipes) remember that to properly disinfect, you should clean only one item at a time, using enough wipes to ensure the surface stays wet for 4 minutes.
• Remember to never mix cleaning products together.
• Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces daily in common areas (e.g. tables, hard-backed chairs, doorknobs, light switches, phone receivers and keypads, remotes, handles, touchscreens, desks, toilets, sinks, elevator and elevator buttons, etc).
• Clean and disinfect shared electronics and equipment, digital signage, and touch-screen kiosks.

AIR QUALITY AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS

Offices are home to many sources of air contamination, including volatile organic compounds (from cleaning agents, furniture, and other materials), and bacteria, mold, and viruses. Poor ventilation exacerbates the presence of these contaminants.

To maintain healthy indoor environments as you phase employees back into the office, facilities need to concentrate on plumbing, ventilation, and filtration systems that filter, dilute, and remove pathogens.

Using our own experience at Enviroverks, we suggest the following air quality interventions:

• Address indoor air quality issues perceived and actual-in existing buildings
• Conduct air quality assessments, testing, design and provide engineering guidance to improve ventilation effectiveness of existing HVAC systems, support long-term air-quality monitoring, and create air-quality awareness
• Adapt controls and sequencing to accommodate and monitor additional filtration needs, and additional criteria concerning recirculated air systems
• Develop messaging and education for building occupants-dashboards, apps, situational cues-to reduce concerns regarding potential pathogen transmission

SOCIAL DISTANCING MEASURES IN THE OFFICE

For companies who require on-premise employees, social distancing in the office is required from the start, not just once offices begin to fully reopen. Getting in the habit early will give time to test what method works best for you and your team before everyone comes back to the office.

 

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Methods to consider for physical distancing: 

1. Limit who comes into the office and when with flexible hours and staggered shifts
2. Use a social distancing desk tool to make it map out what a socially distanced floor plan looks like using only desks 6ft or more apart. Assign or allow people to book their own desks based on what’s available. Determine capacity based on physical distancing accordingly.
3. Either prohibit or keep visitors to a minimum unless absolutely necessary. Prohibit personal packages delivered to the office. For snacks and coffee, and locker use, limit some, if not all, within the office to decrease the number of shared surfaces.
4. Update office design with partitions between desks and social spaces, revised seating arrangements, and directional signage like floor markers for one-way hallways and staircases. 
5. Maintain virtual meetings in the office: Repurpose every conference room into a personal office and/or storage area in the early stages of COVID-6.
6. Touchless entry: Using an access control system, every in-office employee can badge into the building using their phones.

 COMMUNICATION AND SIGNAGE ON COVID-19 IN THE WORKPLACE

They say sunshine is the best disinfectant; in this case, good communication is one of your first and best defences against the physical and emotional aspects of navigating coronavirus. Be prepared to reassure and support employees who may be going through a range of emotions and personal challenges as a result of the virus and containment efforts:

• Provide clear, concise and well-worded updates that are relevant to your location, industry, and current work culture. Communicate in a timely, calm manner.
• Offer channels for support and two-way communication. Create a space for your staff to reach out with their concerns and needs; where possible, make accommodations for specific needs that arise.
• Provide signage around the office that will keep everyone mindful of safety: good respiratory hygiene, cleaning recommendations, social distancing, and symptom checks.

In the event that you need to coordinate some of your company to work from home while others from the office, or eventually, everyone working from home, here are some tips on how to manage that transition:

• Continue to provide clear, concise and well-worded updates that are relevant to your location, industry, current work culture, and overall state of the pandemic. Communicate in a timely, calm manner.
• Make sure technology is consistent across the entire company including communication, video conferencing, project management, and collaboration tools.
• Continue to clean all spaces in the office, shared or not, and push everyone to wipe down their desks and equipment as soon as they’re done for the day. This is especially important if people are sharing spaces and if teams switch off working in the office.
• Provide hand sanitiser and personal protective equipment (PPE) across the office building and make sure everyone knows where to find both in order to mitigate the risk of spreading germs.
• Keep team communication consistent. It’s easy for team collaboration to decrease without face-to-face interaction making it that much more critical that communication is prioritized with daily or weekly posts, emails, and video calls. With that being said, be mindful of how much time you’re taking out of the workday to check-in through video calls.
• Don’t forget to value social and recharge interactions, beyond just “work talk”. Encourage digital get-togethers in the form of team lunches, happy hours, and group downtime via video calls when needed.
• Check-in with your team early and often to gauge what’s working and where people need extra support.
• Promote a work-life balance for everyone, especially working parents. Social distancing requires lots of downtime at home which can result in an unclear blend of work and non-work activities.

Covid-19 Preventive Mechanism: Shall We Improve on Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) or Focus on Sanitisation?

The recent exchange of words between academia and government agencies pertaining to sanitisation is a waste of resources, has become an extreme debate and welcome more responses from Malaysian across all sectors. Both sides are debating two different matters, where Dr. Adeeba is strengthening the use of masks and improving ventilation, which is more on prevention measures while the Fire Department talking about the control mechanism – indoor surface or high-touch point, sanitisation helps Malaysia reduce the risk of cross contamination at indoor spaces and as well in public spaces of the contaminated area. It is not about who is right or wrong, the important point here is we should know what causes the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) and the best ways to prevent the transmission from one person to another.

How does Covid-19 transmit from one person to another?

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can occur through direct, indirect, and/or close contact with infected people through infected secretions such as saliva and/or respiratory secretions or their respiratory droplets, which are expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks or sings. Respiratory droplets are >5-10 μm in diameter where the transmission can occur when a person is in close contact (within 1 metre) with an infected person who has respiratory symptoms (e.g. coughing or sneezing). Meanwhile, airborne transmission is defined as the spread of an infectious agent caused by the dissemination of droplet nuclei (aerosols) that remain infectious when suspended in air over long distances and time. 

On the other hand, respiratory secretions or droplets expelled by infected individuals can contaminate surfaces and objects, creating fomites (contaminated surfaces). Viable SARS-CoV-2 virus and/or RNA detected by RT-PCR can be found on those surfaces for periods ranging from hours to days, depending on the ambient environment (including temperature and humidity) and the type of surfaces.  In an analysis of 75,465 COVID-19 cases in China, 78-85% of clusters occurred within household settings, suggesting that transmission occurs during close and prolonged contact both indoors and outdoors.

 

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Emphasis on Prevention Measures: Awareness and Understands the Importance of Good Indoor Air Quality

While many are debating about deep cleaning and sanitisation, the public shall be educated on the risk of poor ventilation which directly increases the risk of infection in crowded and/or confined spaces. As virus-carrying aerosols are exhaled, so too is CO2. As when ventilation is poor, CO2 accumulates along with the virus. WHO recommends a minimum ventilation rate of between 6–12 air changes an hour — in which the entire volume of air in the room is replaced — to prevent airborne transmission of pathogens in healthcare facilities, but a lower rate of air changes for other venues. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) establishes minimum standards for indoor air quality. Recommended targets are as low as 0.35 air changes per hour for homes, 2–3 for offices, 5–6 for schools and 6–12 for hospitals.

During Covid-19 pandemic, it is highly recommended to improve the air circulation and increase the air change rate. In addition, it is recommended to dilute the air with as much fresh air as possible.  For home and office with split units, it is advisable to open the window daily to exhaust the indoor air and replace it with fresh air. Meanwhile, buildings with centralised air conditioning systems increased the fresh air intake to the air handling units but cautions with the increase of relative humidity that may also contribute to the suitable environment for viruses to survive and be transmitted.

Improving the ventilation alone is not enough. Each of us shall be able to remind ourselves to practice 3W which is to wash hands frequently and sanitise, wear masks and warn people who neglect the good practices in preventing the transmission of viruses. Wearing a mask is more effective in preventing the risk of infection in indoor spaces. Recently, the Ministry of Health of Malaysia has recommended wearing a double mask to increase self-protection. We must stay safe and stay protected at all times. 

Sanitisation Practice Is Compulsory When You Fail to Prevent The Transmission: What is The Correct Way?

In a safety point of view, the use of masks ranks the lowest in the hierarchy of controls as the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) because the hazard, which is the virus, still lingers around without us knowing. No doubt improving ventilation is one of the best ways to tackle the pandemic and formation of clusters because it involves engineering control which ranks in the top three of controls of transmission. Let’s put ourselves in the situation, wouldn’t it be better to eliminate the risk of transmission and fortify the area with other controls mentioned above? Since SARS-CoV-2 can be spread through airborne water droplets and direct contact with a contaminated surface, proper sanitisation will provide a safer environment as the risk is temporarily lifted until another person with confirmed positive COVID-19 unknowingly enters the area. 

Now let’s look at the situation from an environmental health point of view, minimising the transmission of infectious diseases is the core function of the public health law. The appropriate exercise of legal powers will vary according to the seriousness of the disease, the means of transmission, and how easily the disease can be spread. Epidemiologically speaking, the transmission triangle consists of the host, the virus and the environment. The host in this case is the human body where we can break the chain by practicing social distancing, provision of face masks, using hand sanitisers and providing vaccinations. What do we do about the virus and the environment? We can either inactivate the virus or make the environment safer, which both can be done by proper sanitisation practice. The word “proper” here is emphasised because improper practices will cause false hope for the public and an unsafe environment. 

This is why the Ministry of Health (KKM) has repeatedly enforced and gives awareness to the public for sanitisation procedures and management. In Appendix 4 of Annex 25 COVID-19: Management Guidelines for Workplaces and Annex 36 Guidelines for Cleaning and Disinfection for Public Places, both had clearly listed the proper procedures from the schedule, planning, equipment to use, clothing to use, ways of preparing the disinfectant until post-care and maintenance of the safe environment. In a nutshell, there is no wrong or right way but a “proper” solution to handle the situation. 

By Salina Hang Jebat

Indoor Environmental Hygienist / Certified IAQ Assessor

Enviro Group Asia delivers the best total solutions in Indoor Environmental Technologies and Engineering Services to ensure a healthier and safer indoor environment. With the single and most game-changing vision of ‘Protecting People, Protecting Assets” by providing a cleaner and healthier indoor environment, Enviro Group Asia has successfully grown from one entity to a group with multiple subsidiaries, all with its own unique specialisations that work hand-in-hand towards the founding vision.

We continue to invest in R&D, in the area of indoor environmental engineering process as we believe continuous learning is the key in order to provide sustainable protection to the public. With 15 years of experience and combined technical expertise of more than 30 years, we pride ourselves on our knowledge and our expertise. We create Partnerships and not clients.

Lets connect today:
support@envirogroup.asia
www.envirogroup.asia
Hotline : +60122108404 

References:

• “Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).” World Health Organisation, World Health Organisation, 2020, https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf. Accessed February 2020.

• Lewis, Dyani. “Why indoor spaces are still prime COVID hotspots.” Nature, vol. 592, 2021, pp. 22-25. Nature, https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00810-9.
• “Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Infection Prevention Precautions.” World Health Organisation, https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/transmission-of-sars-cov-2-implications-for-infection-prevention-precautions. Accessed 9 July 2020.

Home is Where the heart is.

HealthWay Air Purifiers are promoted on The Star Special, Sunday 23 May 2021 HOME & LIVING. In this article, we have seen an easy way to reduce the risk of airborne transmission of covid-19.

And as it illustrated, we want to make your home a snug and cosy place to unwind with friends and family. You and your loved ones are deserved to enjoy cleaner and healthier air.

What Is an Air Purifier and How Does It Work?

Most home air purifiers use a fan to collect air. Then, the air moves through one or more filters to collect pollutants before being recirculated.

These filters might incorporate a charcoal filter, to remove odors, and a HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter. A HEPA filter is at least 99.7% effective at capturing tiny particles down to 0.3 microns, such as dust, pollen, mold and some bacteria.

An air purifier can be portable and used to treat an individual room or it can be installed inside your HVAC system, giving powerful filtration for your entire home.

The EPA says it’s important to know that air purifiers can’t get rid of every contaminant from your house’s air. But when used along with an improved filter for your HVAC system, they can greatly lower the concentration of indoor air pollution.

What Should I Look for in an Air Purifier?

• CADR (clean-air delivery rate) rating. This measures the cleaning speed of the purifier for removing smoke, dust, and and pollen. Look for a CADR of at least 300, above 350 is really great.
• Size guidelines. For proper efficacy, you need a model designed to work in the room size. Choose a model that is designed for an area larger than the one you are outfitting it for if you want to operate it at a lower, quieter setting.
• AHAM (Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers) Verified mark. AHAM’s standards are design to ensure the safety, efficiency and performance of many home care appliances, including air purifiers. The standards are designed to provide a common understanding between manufacturers and consumers to help make the purchasing process simpler. While voluntary, most reputable air purifiers have undergone this certification program, which often provides a CADR rating and size guidelines.
• True HEPA filters. True HEPA filters are effective at removing ultra-fine particles (think: dust, dander, pollen, mold and other common allergens in the home). The industry standard for such is that the unit must be able to remove at least 99.97% of particulates measuring 0.3 micron diameter in a lab setting. Remember, it is important to note that in real life settings, the actual efficacy of these devices would be far less as new pollutants are constantly emerging. Note that there is no industry standard for the terms “HEPA-like” or “HEPA-type,” and are mostly used as marketing ploys to get consumers to purchase the product.

 

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Installing an air purifier in your house can offer a lot of outstanding health perks. Here are just a couple of them.

1. Reduces Allergy and Asthma Triggers

Air purifiers decrease pollutants in your home, such as some of these standard triggers:

• Dust
• Pollen
• Mold
• Volatile organic compounds, including cleaners, air fresheners and personal care products

 

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2. Alleviates Other Symptoms Linked to Poor Indoor Air Quality

Even if you or someone in your household doesn’t have allergies or asthma, an air purifier can decrease other symptoms linked to bad indoor air quality. These involve:

• Scratchy throat, eyes, nose or skin
• Headaches
• Sneezing and coughing
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Nausea

It can be difficult to determine troubles linked to indoor air quality, since they can be linked to lots of other illnesses. However, if you’re aware that you feel better after you leave your residence, your indoor air quality is likely causing a problem.

3. Gets Rid of Odors

Odors that hang around, including cigarette smoke or cooking smells, can be tricky to eliminate. If you are having a hard time removing strong smells in your house, our professionals advise getting an air purifier with charcoal or an activated carbon filter.

4. Can Lower Your Probability of Becoming Sick

An air purifier can eliminate some bacteria and viruses under certain airflow conditions, keeping you and your loved ones in better health, especially during colder months. To take total advantage of this benefit, we recommend a UV air purifier. Disinfecting ultraviolet light gives an added layer of defence against airborne pathogens.

 

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Air Purifier

“Air purifier” is a great name for a product: it’s simple, it’s direct and it addresses a major universal concern. It is as universal as it gets. After all, even little kids have been exposed to the idea that the air is not that clean anymore, that there is pollution and “bad things” in it. The first thing a person will associate with the term “air purifier” is “a device that will clean the air and get rid of bad things in it”. Similarly, an “Air Filter” gets straight to the point as well. A device that filters the air, and works the same way as an air purifier: “a device that will clean the air and get rid of bad things in it”. 

What are they? Aren’t they the same?

The answer to this is both yes and no. Air purifiers and filters both do the same job of filtering contaminants and harmful particles from the air, but the difference is that they do so in a different manner. Air filters are commonly installed into air ducts and cooling systems across homes and buildings, and they trap and contain contaminants to prevent the circulation of those harmful particles across buildings and homes. Air purifiers instead can be a standalone system with a variety of them being sold across the market nowadays, and they help with the filtration of air.

Air Filters for Homes

Air Filters are great for many homes as they are able to remove particles that can cause allergies and collect dust, effectively cleaning an area, though its filters may need replacing. They also help kill pathogens that are sucked into the air filtration device, reducing indoor air pollution. Harmful environments can easily be negated with the use of both an air filter and air purifier, and in many cases can help those with or without respiratory problems simply with the use of them. Air purifiers can range from cheaper and weaker ones to stronger but more expensive ones, accommodating for all at every price point.

Back to the question of doing air purifiers or air filters really work? In short, yes they do help indoor air environments. Research shows it helps not only allergic or asthmatic patients and those with other preexisting conditions but anyone exposed to sufficiently hazardous indoor air pollution. Long term exposure to harmful particles in the air can also cause health risks such as hypertension, which an air filter and purifier working together can greatly reduce the risk of.